kidney stones

Kidney stones

Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are small hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They are made up of minerals and salts that stick together and can range in size from a grain of sand to a pebble. Kidney stones can develop when there is too much waste or not enough fluid in the urine, causing these substances to crystallize and form stones. While most kidney stones pass through the urinary tract without any symptoms, larger stones can get stuck and cause severe pain. Symptoms of kidney stones include intense pain in the back, side, lower abdomen, or groin; blood in the urine; nausea and vomiting; and difficulty urinating. These symptoms may come on suddenly and require immediate medical attention. Treatment for kidney stones depends on their size and location. Smaller stones may be able to pass through the urinary tract with increased fluid intake and pain medication. Larger stones may require medical procedures such as shock wave lithotripsy, which uses sound waves to break up the stone into smaller pieces that can pass through the urine, or surgical removal. Prevention of kidney stones involves staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Reducing salt and animal protein in the diet can also help prevent future stone formation. Some people may also benefit from medications that prevent certain types of stones from forming. If you suspect you have a kidney stone, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Your doctor can perform tests to confirm the presence of a kidney stone and determine the best course of treatment for you.